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Botany is a study of pants that incorporates organization, recording, observation and classifications of facts associated with plants by means of inductive reasoning. The range of botanical classification principles involves assuming and testing hypothesis. Hypothesis is a provisional, unsure statement that can either be incorrect or correct. In order to study the accurateness of hypothesis scientist conduct various experiments and researches. Microscope is an important tool when conducting experiments in botany. The main feature of microscope is that it magnifies tiny objects to around 200,000 times, allowing botanical scientists to study invisible and miniature plant organisms under botanical classifications (Berlin, 2014). Botany.
The internal structure of plant is studied under plant anatomy. Plant anatomy helps in defining information relevant to past. Scientists match tree rings with archaeologist sites to know their age. Another application of plant anatomy is in criminal investigations. The associations among plants and stems can also be studied under the discipline of plant anatomy. Furthermore, paleobotany is study of plant fossils and plant functions come under plant physiology. Plant physiology evolved due to efforts of van Helmont and his land experimentations; however cloned genes are used by modern plant physiologists to understand how plants function (Janda & Abbott, 2010).
Botany: Owing to huge variety and diversity in plants, the science of plant taxonomy evolved that deals with a formalized system for classification of plants. Moreover plant geography deals with distribution of plants, while plant ecology deals with interaction of plants with surrounding environment and each other. To add on, plant morphology deals with studying structure and form of plants (Greuter Et al., 2011).
Relevance of Classification Systems to Botanical Species and Botanical Evolutionary Processes
The classification system being used currently involves naming all living organisms with two word Latinized scientific names. Theopharastus was the first person who classified about 500 pants into herbs, and trees and shrubs on the basis of leaf characteristics. Then more classifications came into being such as, distinction between dicots and monocots plants or fruit or flower structure plants (Smýkal Et al., 2011).
The confusing classification structure of plants was improvised by Linnaeus as he developed a binomial system used to classify plants and which also showed associations among plants. The idea is that if a new plant is identified by a botanist, he/she must publish Latin description of plant in a public journal and then the annotated herbarium specimen must be deposited in herbarium that designates the type specimen for public to see (Fatemeh, Sheidai & Asadi, 2010).
Currently living organisms are divided into six kingdom system: Animalia (multi-cellular), Plantae, Fungi, Protista, Archaea and Bacteria. Taxonomists are involved in classifying and naming the organisms based on dichotomous keys (Sorimachi & Okayasu, 2013)………
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