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Aims and Objectives
The objective of this article is to analyze the research on some young generation of Australia along with their teachers about the usage level of social media and cyberbullying. The focus of this research is on online oppositional peer relations as well as the adoption of strategies and policies by schools in order to deal with cyberbullying.
Research Question
The specific question that was being asked in the research was, what is the emotional effect of cyberbullying on the young generation with the use of social media online?
Theoretical Context of Research
The theoretical perspective of this research is to elucidate two fields such as social capital and cultural capital. Therefore, social capital refers to the effectiveness of social networking in creating a strong bond of friendship and statuses of people in both conditions whether they are online or offline. On the other hand, cultural capital refers capacity of using social media successfully as well as it also refers to the knowledge about trendy and cool language in communication.
Concept of Bullying and Cyberbullying
Bullying means harming someone through intentional behavior, where the victim is not able to protect him or herself because of the difference of power (Ringrose, 2008). Cyberbullying means to adopt an aggressive behavior towards a certain group or an individual online by means of an electronic system. Through social media cyberbullying has played a vital role. Furthermore, cyberbullying has some particular and specialized features as compare to bullying which attracts youth. It provides easy to get connect with relatives, possible privacy, technological expertise,
intricacy in avoidance from harassment as well as the perception of the young generation is that cyberbullying is a way to gain status (Buelga, 2010). Youth cannot escape from cyberbullying because it creates their positions in their minds. Moreover, it amplifies its impact by the assault of the private domain. In the view of Weinstein and Selman, 2014, the potential and affordability of social media are very crucial for cyberbullying.
Social media provides immense opportunities to youth but on the other hand, there are some “digital stressors” that create problems in youth social media interaction. This stress is caused by negative interactions between youth and social media in emails, blogs, forums, texts, etc. There are different types of digital stress through which most of the time an expression of young people may aggressive, brutal as well as meanness.
Stressor includes harassing personal attacks, meanness, humiliating messages means private information of someone else is shared on Facebook, impersonation by hacking other’s accounts, using digital accounts by using someone else pictures without their permission (Weinstein and Selman, 2014). In short, digital media provides harmful ways of communication for youth as well as the use of cyberbullying may be severe for the young generation (Price and Dalgleish, 2010). These experiences that are faced in cyberbullying are a little diverse from bullying (harming someone face to face).
Today young generation is known as digital generation. There is no difference between the term old media and new media. This is a change in the technology according to the perceptions of the young generation. In accordance with Buckingham (2013), the acceptance of new technology as a new media is considered to be refuted by pointing out some social activities of young generation such as chatting with friends, gossiping with friends, flirting, showing off and so on. Therefore, young generation is putting themselves in trouble by using online and new technologies (Ito et al., 2009; Papacharissi, 2014).
If the subject matter is discrimination or victimization, it means the discussion is about the term “cyberbullying”. It has been researched that the percentage of youth age 11 to 19 years being bullied is 10% to 33% along with 15% of youth have been found connected with cyberbullying. Furthermore, in Canada one fourth of new generation has been cyberbullied. In accordance with Hemphill and Heerde (2014), 9.5% of young generation in Australia reported about being both bullied and cyberbullied, where as 5.1% young people found to be bullied and 5% are found to be bullied online. It has also been researched that each year suicide is committed by few young people (Hemphill and Heere, 2014).
Gender Differences While Using Social Media
In regard to cyberbullying, there are various studies discussed that show the difference between young girls and young boys. However, when the researchers find uncertain findings then they never take into consideration gender differences as their aim is to researched about whole youth. Consequently, it has been viewed from the above study is that cyberbullying was mainly performed by young girls. In fact, there was literature on the subject “gender and cyberbullying”. Though bullying is something that is frequently done by boys and the girls are discriminated against by those boys (Wang et al., 2009).
Frequently young boys bully their manliness in terms of physical whereas young girls use different and discriminatory ways to declare their secrecy over female peers and boys considered them low-grade girls (Lenhart, 2009). Therefore, some girls become aggressive and label them as sluts. Moreover, the girls who do not have the right taste of clothing according to the people likeliness on social sites are a little bit ignored. Girls bullying through online media may be sometime known for their bitchiness means in order to cause emotional harm these girls have the power to maintain their status through the use of hatred as well as malice by virtue of being nasty and hatred (Lenhart and Madden, 2007).
Methodology
The research method used in this research is qualitative approach. In order to elucidate face to face explanation, qualitative research was conducted (Drew et al., 2006). The method used in order to conduct an interview is semi structured interview. The interview was conducted from the students of school X through questionnaire. The feedback was conducted by 10 students through questionnaire. First question was to define bullying and cyberbullying according to
their own experiences. Another question was about have you ever seen bulling in your school life? After that questions included were about harassment and personal experiences. Questions were asked within age group of 15 to 18 years in which 5 were males and 5 were females along with male and female teachers. Interviews were conducted when schools were off. Interview was conducted at the school of Australia. The students have great ability regarding
socio economic status. The position of researcher was inside and outside from the school (Brannick & Coghlan, 2007). The researcher was already known to the teachers of school. Researcher was out of knowledge regarding cyberbullying. The data was collected in order to perform further analysis.
Findings
Bullying and Cyberbullying
According to the research method, students of school X get interviewed and they provide their ideas regarding bullying and cyberbullying according to their personal experiences. For example, bullying is an intentional behavior to harm someone face to face. Online bullying let people down even sometimes people hate themselves because of get bullying from different people or same person.
Whereas cyberbullying is very closely face to face bullying. Cyberbullying is the worst kind of bullying. It is a way to harm someone by means of electronic or online media. Anyone can post or email wrong messages so that the girl or boys get discriminate. (Englander et al., 2009). Social media has resolve cyberbullying issues by its new and innovative technology by hiring generational experts.
Social Capital
Capital forms are discussed above that shows the monarchy of digital media as well as domain of using social media by schools, social society as well as social interaction among young generation. Therefore, Bourdieu’s concept regarding areas of social capital and cultural capital that helps young generation in order to analyze interactions along with explanations of conditions to discourse and take some actions within acceptable boundaries (Bourdieu, 1978).
This field is a place of struggle where the young generation builds their status. Sometimes it also creates dispute between the agents of that field as all of them are maintaining their status through social media. The argument between two agents of that field can be sequential as well as entangled. Consequently, good and bad both peer interact in cyberspace as well as they also interact in social media where they are more exaggerated. Apart from that,
it is very important for the young generation to achieve status and get familiar while using social media. Therefore, we use the concept of social capital where people build their relationships through mutual understanding in the fields of school and social media (Bourdieu, 1986). In other words, social capital is beneficial to those who are interconnected with each other. People who are higher in the status stakes increase the major amount of social capital.
For example, while playing the status games, people need to collect Facebook friends but those who have fewer friends on Facebook will lose the status stake. Furthermore, social capital can only increase by having trust and loyalty between close friends. In order to build social capital, people must have knowledge regarding social as well as new technology.
Cultural Capital
As stated above cultural capital is a field that opens new opportunities for people. Cultural capital is a set of knowledge that is very valuable in social society. Therefore, the term cultural capital is dynamic in order to analyze the creative knowledge in the fields of schools and social media. Cultural capital provides the knowledge of fashion and new tastes in both fields…
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