This article consists of 9 pages and 2644 words.Applied International Relations Essay Century
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Introduction

Introduction
The essay focuses on the progress of liberalization in the 20th century as the century proved to be very Introduction  important in the history of liberalization. Liberalism is an old political philosophy which began after a massive civil war in 1640s. Liberalism has been an important political philosophy for more than two centuries now.

The liberalism basically focuses on two aspects, which are liberty and equality for all individuals in the society. The liberalism before 20th century is known as the classical liberalism whereas it is known as social liberalism since the start of 20th century. The principles of liberalism vary around different corners of the world; Applied International Relations – Essay Liberalism in 20th Century Applied International Relations Essay Century some primary principles include democratic elections, freedom of religion, justice and equality for everyone in the society.  Applied International Relations Essay CenturyThe liberalism became a distinct political movement in the age of enlightenment and shaped the political environment of various countries especially in the west.

Progress in the 20th Century

At the end of 19th century, many questions arose regarding classical liberalism and the downturn of classical liberalism started from there. In the late 19th century, the classical liberalism was initially challenged by downturns in economic growth worldwide, unemployment, increasing poverty and the feeling of deprivation in the industrial cities of that time. Applied International Relations Essay Century The major challenge to liberalism was due to the rise of socialism around the world;  Applied International Relations Essay Century socialism was a conservative political philosophy which was based on the change in society and reforms in the society.

The socialism is totally opposite to liberalism as one believes in industrialization and the other believes that industrialization and capitalism must be there (Riker, 1982). Since the start of 20th century, Applied International Relations Essay Century the liberalism changed from classical liberalism to social liberalism. Social liberalism was initiated by two liberals named David George and Winston Churchill in 1909 when they introduced the people’s budget in UK; this budget introduced higher taxes for higher income groups and also focused on implementing different social programs for the poor people in the society (Sandel, 1998).

According to Riker (1982), In the 1920s, the liberalism was on its peak due to downfall of Russian Czar in the liberal revolution of 1917 and the allied countries, who were liberal, won the world war – 1 against Germany which was purely socialist. Apart from these events, the downfall of four big empires of the world also contributed to the rise of liberalization in the 1920s. After these events, the liberalism grew rapidly in the west; it did not grew in the four victorious allies only but it also got importance in the countries like German who were always ruled by military.

The militarism was defeated and defamed worldwide as the founder of militarism i.e. Germany started looking towards liberal values to survive in the environment. The liberal values namely free trade, democracy, and unionism and free – market theory got importance after 1920s and were dominant…