Comparison between Romania – United Kingdom waste practices, law, waste generation, and mitigation.

 

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ABSTRACT

The main purpose of this research is to compare the British and Romanian waste management strategies and laws / practices over the years.The research carries significance for multiple stakeholders of the society varying from individuals to the government and corporate institutions.The research design, approach and philosophy used for this research are descriptive, inductive and interpretivism respectively.

United Kingdom waste practices The research strategy finds that secondary sources of data and qualitative data is used for this research. The data collection sources utilised including online sources are books, journal articles, newspaper articles and other authentic websites and the data is analysed using ethnographic content analysis.On the basis of the research conducted, it is concluded that the waste management practices have been strengthened over the recent years across the globe including the UK and the Romania.As analysed in the case of the UK and the Romania, the laws are similar in some aspects while differing on the others but it is found that the laws in the UK are more stringent and therefore, the results are also slightly different.Overall, it is concluded that the comparison of the waste management laws, regulations and practices in the two countries suggests that the laws and regulations are similar in the UK and the Romania. However, the effectiveness of waste management varies greatly in the two countries due to different implementation policies of the two countries under consideration. Numerous recommendations have also been provided to the waste management companies, regulatory authorities and future researchers.

Table of Contents

Chapter 1 – Introduction. 6

1.1 Introduction to the Chapter. 6

1.2 Background to the Research. 6

1.3 Rationale of the Research. 7

1.4 Application of the Research in the 21st Century. 8

1.5 Problem Statement 8

1.6 Research Objectives. 8

1.7 Research Questions. 9

1.8 Significance of the Research. 9

1.9 Outline of the Dissertation. 9

Chapter 2 – Literature Review.. 11

2.1 Introduction. 11

2.2 The Increasing Importance of Waste Management 11

2.3 The Problems leading from Improper Waste Management 12

2.4 The Steps in Waste Management 13

2.5 The Waste Management Laws and Practices around the Globe. 14

2.6 The Waste Management Laws and Practices in the UK. 15

2.7 The Waste Management Laws and Practices in Romania. 17

2.8 The Environment and Climate of UK and Romania and Its Correlation with the Waste Management 20

2.9 Research Gaps. 21

2.10 Chapter Summary. 21

Chapter 3 – Research Methodology. 23

3.1 Introduction. 23

3.2 Research Design. 23

3.3 Research Approach. 23

3.4 Research Philosophy. 24

3.5 Research Strategy. 24

3.6 Data Collection Strategy. 24

3.7 Data Analysis. 25

3.8 Ethical Considerations of the Research. 25

3.9 Research Limitations. 26

3.10 Chapter Summary. 26

Chapter 4 – Data Analysis. 27

4.1 Introduction. 27

4.2 Description of data collection and sources. 27

4.3 Data Analysis. 27

4.3.1 The Evolution of Waste Management Regulations and Laws in UK. 27

4.3.2 The Effectiveness of Waste management Practices, Laws and Mitigation in UK. 29

4.3.3 The Evolution of Waste Management Regulations and Laws in Romania. 30

4.3.4 The Effectiveness of Waste management Practices, Laws and Mitigation in the Romania  32

4.3.5 The Comparison of Waste Management Practices, Laws / Regulations and Effectiveness of such laws / practices in the UK and the Romania. 33

4.4 Discussion. 34

4.5 Chapter Summary. 35

Chapter 5 – Conclusion and Recommendations. 37

5.1 Introduction to the Chapter. 37

5.2 Summarised Findings. 37

5.3 Conclusion. 38

5.4 Recommendations to Waste Management Companies and Regulatory Authorities. 39

5.5 Recommendations to Future Researchers. 40

5.6 Reflection Report 42

References. 44

 

 

 

Chapter 1 – Introduction

1.1 Introduction to the Chapter

United Kingdom waste practices The first chapter of the dissertation is keen to focus on numerous introductory aspects of this research, which focuses on the comparison of waste management practices, law, generation and mitigation between the Romania and United Kingdom.

Firstly, a brief background of the research is discussed to lay the foundation for the research followed by a discussion on the rationale of the research. The problem statement, research objectives and research questions are formed to help the readers identify the aims and purpose of the research being conducted. The significance of the research and outline of the dissertation are also provided in this chapter.

1.2 Background to the Research

In the view of Luca and Ioan (2013), the rubbish material was buried in the previous eras; however, due to increasing waste in the society in the recent years, the waste management has gained importance. Approximately all developed and developing countries have started focusing on the waste management and are keen to enhance their waste related practices laws and mitigate the wastage. As prescribed by Brammer, Hoejmose, and Marchant (2012),

though the importance of waste management has increased over the years across the globe the change in practices, law, waste generation and mitigation has been different across the countries. It is primarily due to the different reforms were undertaken by the governments and regulatory authorities of respective countries. The governments of several countries including the Romanian government financed many projects to enhance the awareness about waste management in their public. It is believed that the waste management is only possible with every citizen of the country taking responsibility.

According to Vinke-de Kruijf, Dinica and Augustijn (2009), the national waste management strategy of Romania and UK vary greatly as the two countries have undertaken different measures to ensure green practices in their respective countries. The waste management in Romania is primarily focused on the deforestation and conservation of water to improve the overall environment of the country. The Romanian Government believes that the sustainable practices in terms of waste management can lead to thenegation of climate change around the globe as well. This indicates that like other governments, the Romanian government has also focused on the waste management to save its environment. Conversely, there has been the keen focus by the government of United Kingdom to ensure green practices and effective waste management throughout the country. The country has formed a specialised institution named the Friends of Earth, which solely focuses on the formation of laws to effectively manage the waste and at the same time ensure that there is an effective mitigation in the field of waste management. The institution has been very effective over the years given that it has enabled the government toform multiple laws and implement those laws effectively (Guerrero, Maas and Hogland, 2013).

According to Laleman (2010), despite the higher effectiveness of the Friends of Earth, the UK still experiences one of the lowest recycling rates around the globe and highlights that further focus is required by the government and regulatory authorities in the field of waste management. Further, it is analysed by Luca and Ioan (2013) that the waste management laws and practices vary greatly among the UK and Romania which is due to the difference in policy measures undertaken by their government. It highlights that the waste management laws, practices, and mitigation has varied across the globe including the two countries considered as a case in this research.

1.3 Rationale of the Research

The rationale for the current research is that there are many differences in practices of UK and Romania in the context of waste management laws, practices and mitigation as highlighted from the background discussed earlier. It is important for the target audience to know that the waste management practices are formed in a different manner by countries leading to different results as well. The rationale behind conducting the research includes its application towards the governments and regulatory authorities of countries as they can learn from the practices of the two countries and incorporate positive aspects into their laws and practices. The selection of case study between these two countries i.e. Romania and UK is justified by the difference in policy making and practices pertaining to waste management between the two countries. It is noted by numerous policy makers and researchers that there is a significant difference in the approach by these two countries.

1.4 Application of the Research in the 21st Century

In the view of Guerrero, Maas and Hogland (2013), the waste management regulations have strengthened in the recent years considering the rate of increase of global pollution and its adverse impacts on the human health and environment in general. The current research focuses on comprehensive analysis of waste management regulations, principles and practices of UK and Romania.

Therefore, it will help understand how the practices and their effectiveness vary across the countries. The research is applicable in the modern era as the study of the practices and principles of UK and Romania will help the readers understand their strong and weak points and also help them understand how these two and other countries can shape their waste management laws, regulations and practices to achieve the higher effectiveness over the next years.

It must be noted that the waste management is under light over the last few years by both the developed and developing countries; therefore, the research is highly applicable across the globe in the 21st century.

1.5 Problem Statement

The major problem statement or question that will be tackled by this research is as follows:

“How do waste strategies, law and mitigation vary in Romania and UK? What aspects are similar in both countries?”

1.6 Research Objectives

The main purpose of this research is to compare the British and Romanian waste management strategies and laws / practices over the years. Further, the objectives include the following:

  • To understand the basics of waste management in the two countries.
  • To critically compare the waste management laws, strategies, and practices in the two countries.
  • To critically evaluate the effects of waste management strategies, laws and practices in both the short-run and long-run.
  • To recommend the regulatory authorities of both countries to help them improve waste management related practices.

1.7 Research Questions

The research questions based on the research objectives are as follows:

  • What are the particular characteristics of waste management in the two countries?
  • What are the differences and similarities in the waste management laws, strategies, and practices in the two countries?
  • What are the effects of waste management strategies and practices on the environment and climate in the two countries?
  • How can both the governments act to improve the practices pertaining to waste management?…………………………………………..continued