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INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the study
While researching regarding the aviation industry of any particular state, security and strengthened economy of that country are of extreme significance. The reason for this is quite clear and obvious. Aviation industry owes much to international relations and economic growth. The security assurance not only stretches the reliance and trust of the passengers but also ensures international investment. Aviation security, itself, is a consolidation of human and material means in order to protect civil aviation against unlawful intrusion.
The issue of the insurgency on the global scene at the turn of the current millennium has the worst in the history of humankind. The menace has increased to a crescendo that it had become a major threat to the security of lives and protection of properties across the globe. Young and Gray (2011) noted that with an increase in funding use of advance military artillery and coupled with the use of advance technology, the insurgency has been viewed to become a nightmare to governments of the world and even international organizations and advance economies of the world with strong security and military apparatus like the United Nations, United States, United Kingdom, Germany, France, Italy to mention but a few. For instance, Baker, Cooper, and Mazzetti (2011) reported that it took the government of Barak Obama with strong military intelligence and support of other government to track down and bring to justice Osama Bin Ladan-the erstwhile global leader of the Al-Qaeda movement.Aviation Industry.
Studies on insurgency have shown that insurgency attacks which were predominantly on land targeted towards lives, properties and government facilities have taken a new dimension to threats and eventual attacks of passenger aircraft and combat aircraft fleet of governments. For instance, Atwan (2012) reported the case of some aircraft hijack and bombing by suicide bombers loyal to different insurgent groups. Also, Whittell and Fresco (2010) gave instances of planned attacks on airports and passengers waiting patiently to board their booked flights. This new dimension of insurgency threats or attack is based on the postulation of Whittell and Fresco (2010) that insurgents like to attack in target areas where there is an inflow of lots of people and there is no little or no military and security intelligence that can quickly avert the success of such insurgency attack.
Aviation Industry Nigeria, one of the famous countries of West Africa which, on the positive side is known for oil production and amazing entertainment industry. But unfortunately, the prominence of the country is marked on a much negative side. The corruption and terrorism prospered into the country have a much weighty impact on the stature of the state. According to (Harvard International Review Jun 13, 2014), Nigeria has been facing security issues since a few years back and that because of the existence of corrupt politicians in the state. Crimes, criminal activities, resource-based conflicts etc. may also reach the people at the airport. The airport and passenger security are also under the aviation industry. The reach of any criminal activity would definitely harm the integrity and security position of the aviation department.
With specific reference to Nigeria, Abimbola and Adesote (2012) reported that the country has been faced with instances of insurgent threats and eventually attacks since the return of the country to democratic government in 1999 and governors especially those from the North (particularly Bornu State) recruiting Killer/Assassin Squads who carry out deadly attacks on perceived opponents of the government and those that speak against the bad governance practices of the then governors. The Killer/Assassin Squads were also used by sitting governors to get their second term tickets in office and also get elected to the Nigerian Senate after their second term as governors. However, Abimbola and Adesote (2012) stated that after 2007 general elections, the Killer/Assassin Squads could not get funding again from their principals and hence, use the weapon in their care and with the support of Taliban and other terrorists group led to the full-blown insurgency in the North Eastern States especially Bornu, Yobe and the Adamawa States. The attacks of the insurgent groups have been targeted at Nigerian armed forces barracks and formations, churches, mosques, educational institutions, government facilities and also airports and threats on hijack of aircraft and bombing of the same.
However, the current research focuses on all these points that how the country like Nigeria is affected by the security challenges being faced and that especially in the industry of air transportation with respect to the effects on passengers and aircraft traffic…………..
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