In order to have full access of this Article, please email us on thedocumentco@hotmail.co.uk

Table of Contents

Abstract (Female Genital Mutilation) 3
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT: 4
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION: 5
CHAPTER 2 RESEARCH APPROACH: 6
CHAPTER 3 LITERATURE REVIEW: (6200 WORDS) 8
3.1 Introduction to the chapter: 8
3.2 Female Genital Mutilation (FGM): 8
3.3 Classification of Female Genital Mutilation (FGM): 9
3.4 Effects of Female Genital Mutilation (FGM): 10
3.5 Studies and their Findings regarding Female Genital Mutilation (FGM): 11
3.6 Rationalization and Reasons for The Use Of FGM: 11
3.7 Frequency of FGM in the UK: 16
3.8 Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) Act 2013: 17
3.9 Collaborative Approach to Prevent Abuse: 18
3.10 Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) Act 2015: 18
3.11 Reasons for the use of Female Genital Mutilation (FGM): 19
3.12 Discussion of Rights of Women and Female Genital Mutilation: 21
3.13 Practices To Remove Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) From UK: 22
3.14 Role of Parents and Councillors to Solve Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) Issues: 23
3.15 Cultural Relativism and Female Genital Mutilation (FGM): 23
3.16 Cultural Aspects of FGM: 24
CHAPTER 4 CONCLUSION OF THE RESEARCH: 25
REFERENCES 27

ABSTRACT
The research aims to help the audience understand the different practices of FGM, the implications of laws on the professionals and families, also it will help to understand the different rights of girls and women in a society. The research is based on secondary and qualitative data analysed in the form of a literature review. The research design selected for the research is exploratory and the research philosophy employed is interpretivism. It has been found that the Female Genital Manipulation is a culture based activity and it has the adverse impact on both the health and social status of the affected girls.

It has also been found that the occurrence on FGM in the UK is high and it has affected girls/women and their families at the same time. There have been steps by the UK government to reduce the FGM in the country considering its adverse impacts on the society; the actions by the government include the formation of different parliament acts against the practice of FGM.

The latest act to reduce the practice of FGM was introduced in 2015 which states that FGM is an illegal activity in the UK and it can lead to severe punishments. We need to come over these activities by counselling the younger generation in order to save the girls’ health and social life.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:
The research which I have conducted is because of my fellow students and researchers who have guided me and helped me to conduct this research. The learning and knowledge which I gained through my lectures and from faculty has been very beneficial for me and has taught me to conduct a good research.

The institute in which I am studying is a well-known and well reputable institute where the faculty members are engaged in the research work and where many of the research papers have been approved and published in the international journals and they have been recognized by the great writers and researchers throughout the world.

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION:
Walby (2015) discusses the recent news of 2013 in which it has been found that around 1 million of the women have been suffered from the familial exploitation and an approximate of 3 million of the women have been facing sexually physical attack. These are such practices in which the sufferers are forced behind the doors closed and they suffer a lot of pain and torture.

In order to prevent the girls and women of UK, from these illegal and harmful practices, the government of UK has been developing many initiatives and steps for the purpose of encouraging women to report the crimes committed on them, to make sure that the sufferers are provided justice and support and to provide them a healthy and secure life (Walby, 2015).

According to Dawson et al. (2015), in order to end the unlawful practice of Female Genital Mutilation (FGM), the government of UK has taken a number of steps which are as follows:
• Designing of campaigns in order to reach the men who make women their victims along with the collaboration of many news channels.
• Assigning an amount of around forty million in order to protect the institutes and services providing help to women.
• Setting a program with the National group in order to protect the children from abuses and exploitations and provide them with a complete welfare and standard of living.
• A joint agreement had been signed on February 2014, in order to end the illegal practice of Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) and the research, had shown that around twenty thousand of the girls and women suffer from FGM annually in the UK.
• Encouraging and involving the police commissioners and agents in order to take up this matter of FGM seriously and train them on this matter.
In accordance with Toubia and Sharief (2003), In order to end the practice of FGM, an Act of 2003 was established in the UK. The main provisions of the Act were:
• Committing FGM in the UK as an illegal practice.
• Committing FGM practice or bribe people to commit it abroad.
• Regarding this as an illegal practice to take the girls and women who are permanent residents of UK out of the UK for the purpose of committing FGM.
• The contravention of the Act leads to imprisonment of fourteen years along with a fine.
The research study which I will be conducting is the topic of Female Genital Mutilation (FGM), I will be conducting a literature based study by studying the researches and the different laws developed in order to end the illegal practice of Female Genital Mutilation (FGM). The practice of FGM has been done in the UK for decades and it has been regarded as an illegal practice since 1985. In order to strictly abandon this practice, a national legislation was developed in 2003, then it was revised in 2015. Further, I will be discussing the cultural aspects of FGM. The families who have been practising FGM, to what extent they have been affected (Toubia and Sharief, 2003)…