Sociological Theory This article consists of 14 pages and 2830 words. In order to have full access to this article, email us at thedocumentco@hotmail.co.uk

Ref No: 1400

Introduction

The study of social interactions and society is known as “sociology”. It is derived from the word “socius” that means accompanying person. There are many different methods and concepts in the study of sociology and those methods and concepts apply to the real social world by sociologists. Sociologists studied various concepts as well as theories of social community subsequently they develop sociological theories to explain that what output can obtain from those theories (Allan 2006). The studies of sociological theories provide a viewpoint in order to observe the community development and are very helpful in understanding as well as predict the social community where people live. There are many approaches that have been researched by the sociologists in order to develop the community. One of them is intersectionality. The sociological theory of intersectionality arose from feminist learning and argued that race, gender as well as class are interrelated as intersecting tyranny (Crenshaw, 1989).

 Intersectionality in Sociology

Sociological Theory In order to develop the community development, intersectionality can be defined as the conventional intersectional study of trilogy, these are; race, class and gender. Intersectional approach of social statuses like religion, sexuality, age and ethnicity has also been included in the theory of intersectionality (Prins, 2006; Choo and Ferree, 2010).

In accordance with sociological literature, there are three intersectional approaches that can be classified as follows; inclusion model, relational model and systematic model. Inclusion model focuses on giving value to the experiences and perceptions of disabled low wage men. In the view of Choo and Ferree (2010), inclusion model’s focal point is to introduce previous marginalized groups. This approach is considered to be as “intra-categorical approach”, which means to focus on a solitary social development of community. Adia Harvey Wingfield (2009) highlighted the practices of marginal group of men in nursing. Furthermore, Christine Williams researched that how men are dominated by women in order to ride the glass escalator. However, Wingfield’s study shows that how gender interrelate in order to limit the capacity of minority men through the glass escalator. Though, inclusion model stated that nowadays community can  develop by diverse statuses.

Relational model is also known as process model. This is a structural based process, which demonstrates change when different statuses assemble. This model considers both conditions that how race and gender affects each other (Choo and Ferree, 2010). As stated by McCall (2005), this is an “inter-categorical approach”, which focuses in order to identify the relationship between multiple statuses. For example, research shows that felony records badly impact the black men as compare to white men in an entry level of job openings (Pager, 2003). White men itself identify the reason that why felony record has less effect on the employment opportunities for them. Therefore, relational models can also identify the related advantages and disadvantages. However, felony record was interacting with race in order to create intersectional experiences and practices. In relational model, race has its own simultaneously effect on employment opportunities (McCall, 2005).

Sociological Theory Systematic model is also known as “anti-categorical approach”. This model treats with all categories in a same way. The concept of community arises where people work in a group with shared value. Comparatively, if there will be any problems arise among the relationships as well as statuses, they comprise each other with mutual understanding (Ken, 2010). Instead of intersection many of the researchers use the terms race, gender and class as well as identify their relationships. In the view of Choo and Ferree (2010), researchers take complex approaches in order to understand race, gender and class as well as statuses as analytical inequality. In this approach, race is always used with class, gender and sexuality. Consequently, on the basis of some circumstances perceptive and performances of statuses become change. For example, in the view of Nikki Jones (2009), young women of any colour can manage interactions in any situation on the basis of race, gender and performances of class. Furthermore,where group of people take decisions in order to create a social group to change their environmental, cuktural, social as well as economical condition of community is the process of community development Christenson et. al. (1989)….