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Introduction:
The World leadership sits together at Geneva in the year 2012. The agenda of meeting is to frame policies which would be effective in curbing issues related to environment. However, what happens in coming years is that these policies failed to achieve the desired objectives. In actual, policies are designed for achieving certain objectives. These policies range from individual goals to national level decision-making. In essence, policy frameworks are based on theoretical interpretation of different aspects. These theoretical objectives are set to be realistically executed in order to achieve certain goals. However, it has been witnessed that these goals are mostly ambitious and remain unfulfilled. One such example is of the United Nations’ Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). On the other hand, same sort of trend could be observed in political decision-making (Bast et al. 2013). Historically speaking, policy frameworks largely remain unaccomplished. Yet, it could not be deemed as a hard and fast rule. Many policies meet their set objectives which leads to fulfilment of national level goals. Thus, it is expedient to gauge the success of different policy measures and evaluate how effective decision-making remains.
This essay will argue that policymaking is a tricky job, and so is policy evaluation. The purpose of this essay and dissertation is to have an insight into question how a policy could be gauged if it has been fulfilled. Starting with a theoretical background and comparing views of different scholars, a few viable options of policy decision making will be explored. Moreover, a few case studies from global and state level would be analysed to shed light how effective different policies remain in achieving desired results. Lastly, an effort would be made to put forth a few recommendations that would be crucial to gauging success of any policy decision.
Policymaking: A Theoretical Insight:
Before delving deep into different policies and gauging their effectiveness, it is pertinent to have a theoretical insight into policymaking. The formulation and implementation of policies are theoretically and practically different issues. Implementation can be a complex process as it requires motivation, appropriate lobbying, and technical, administrative and professional support. It also concerns financial, political and administrative issues (Bond & Kevin, 2015). As a general concept, policy implementation can be defined as the third stage of the policy cycle. It refers to the stage of the policy process immediately after the actions to be taken for the enactment of the law or after the enactment of a law. Implementation, in its broadest sense, means the administration of the law to enact the policies adopted to achieve the policy or program objectives (Brown et al. 2015). Further, it is meant to visualize different factors in which the various actors, organization, procedures and techniques work together.
Policy Cycle:
The policy cycle is a comprehensive set of tasks which has many stages. Adjusting the plan is the first requirement in this regard. The plan is a list of issues that organizations and officials look at over time. They also consider it a general agenda or a meeting or public meeting. That is, a series of issues that the government decides to take action on. The second step is policymaking. Legislative enactment designed to solve past problems or prevent future problems can be an incentive, rule, fact, right or power, and is often a legislative act. The third step in this context is policy implementation. It can be considered the most important part of the policy cycle, which occurs after the adoption of the law (Eugene barch MIT ed. 1977), or actions to enforce the law, the process of transposing the law into an action that ensures that the Act is enforced. The problem will be solved consistently (Dearing et al. 2018). Policy evaluation is the fourth step.…..
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